【英文标准名称】:SHIPBUILDING.SHIPS'ORDINARYRECTANGULARWINDOWS.DIMENSIONS.CONSTRUCTION.TESTS.
【原文标准名称】:造船工业.常用矩形船窗.尺寸.制造.试验
【标准号】:NFJ31-164-1978
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:1978-06
【实施或试行日期】:1978-06-01
【发布单位】:法国标准化协会(AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:U25
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:18P;A4
【正文语种】:其他


【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforMeasuringLife-CycleCostsofBuildingsandBuildingSystems
【原文标准名称】:建筑物和建筑物系统周期成本测算的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTME917-2005(2010)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E06.81
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:buildingeconomics;buildingsystems;costanalysis;engineering-economics;life-cyclecosts;present-valueanalysis;Presentvalue(PV)analysis;Buildingeconomics;Costanalysis(ofbuildingconstructions);Engineeringeconomics;Life-cyclecost(LCC)
【摘要】:LCCanalysisisaneconomicmethodforevaluatingaprojectorprojectalternativesoveradesignatedstudyperiod.ThemethodentailscomputingtheLCCforalternativebuildingdesignsorsystemspecificationshavingthesamepurposeandthencomparingthemtodeterminewhichhasthelowestLCCoverthestudyperiod.TheLCCmethodisparticularlysuitablefordeterminingwhetherthehigherinitialcostofabuildingorbuildingsystemiseconomicallyjustifiedbyreductionsinfuturecosts(forexample,operating,maintenance,repair,orreplacementcosts)whencomparedwithanalternativethathasalowerinitialcostbuthigherfuturecosts.Ifabuildingdesignorsystemspecificationhasbothalowerinitialcostandlowerfuturecostsrelativetoanalternative,anLCCanalysisisnotneededtoshowthattheformeristheeconomicallypreferablechoice.Ifaninvestmentprojectisnotessentialtothebuildingoperation(forexample,replacementofexistingsingle-panewindowswithnewdouble-panewindows),theprojectmustbecomparedagainstthex201C;donothingx201D;alternative(thatis,keepingthesinglepanewindows)inordertodetermineifitiscosteffective.Typicallythex201C;donothingx201D;alternativeentailsnoinitialinvestmentcostbuthashigherfuturecoststhantheproposedproject.1.1Thispracticeestablishesaprocedureforevaluatingthelife-cyclecost(LCC)ofabuildingorbuildingsystemandcomparingtheLCCsofalternativebuildingdesignsorsystemsthatsatisfythesamefunctionalrequirements.1.2TheLCCmethodmeasures,inpresent-valueorannual-valueterms,thesumofallrelevantcostsassociatedwithowningandoperatingabuildingorbuildingsystemoveraspecifiedtimeperiod.1.3ThebasicpremiseoftheLCCmethodisthattoaninvestorordecisionmakerallcostsarisingfromaninvestmentdecisionarepotentiallyimportanttothatdecision,includingfutureaswellaspresentcosts.Appliedtobuildingsorbuildingsystems,theLCCencompassesallrelevantcostsoveradesignatedstudyperiod,includingthecostsofdesigning,purchasing/leasing,constructing/installing,operating,maintaining,repairing,replacing,anddisposingofaparticularbuildingdesignorsystem.
【中国标准分类号】:P02
【国际标准分类号】:91_010_20
【页数】:19P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语